This isĮquivalent to using the bool constructor. Return True if obj is true, and False otherwise. The result is affected by the _bool_() and _not_() method for object instances only the interpreter core defines Truth tests, identity tests, and boolean operations: operator. The logical operations are also generally applicable to all objects, and support SeeĬomparisons for more information about rich comparisons. Or may not be interpretable as a Boolean value. Note that these functions can return any value, which may Specifically, lt(a, b) isĮquivalent to a b and ge(a, b) is equivalent to a >= b. Perform “rich comparisons” between a and b. The rich comparison operators they support: operator. The object comparison functions are useful for all objects, and are named after Operations, mathematical operations and sequence operations. The functions fall into categories that perform object comparisons, logical Without the double underscores are preferred for clarity. Many of these have a variant with the double underscores kept. Special methods, without the double underscores. For example, operator.add(x, y) isĮquivalent to the expression x+y. The operator module exports a set of efficient functions corresponding to This page is licensed under Creative Commons Zero.Operator - Standard operators as functions ¶ In addition, an implementation can work with symbolic representations of real numbers instead of those numbers.) (This is less of an issue if the implementation uses an arbitrary-precision rational number format and the pseudocode uses only rational arithmetic and inputs. In general, computer implementations of the operators and functions above risk numerical errors, since computers generally can't operate "exactly" on real numbers.The pseudocode shown is not guaranteed to yield high performance in a particular implementation, either in time or memory.The pseudocode shown is not guaranteed to cover all error handling, such as recovery from overflows, out-of-bounds memory accesses, divisions by zero, unexpected infinity values, and other errors that might happen in a particular implementation.For instance, Python's and Ruby's integer division does a floor rounding on the result of division, while Java's discards the fractional part of the result of division.) (In some programming languages, division of two integers results in an integer, which may be rounded differently depending on the language. An integer n is even if rem(n, 2) is 0.The inverse cosine, in radians, of a is equivalent to atan2(sqrt(1.0 - a * a), a).The inverse sine, in radians, of a is equivalent to atan2(a, sqrt(1.0 - a * a)).This function is equivalent to (0 - floor(0 - a)). ceil(a) is the lowest integer that is greater than or equal to a.This operation is equivalent to a - floor(a / b) * b. rem(a, b) is the part of b that does not divide evenly into a, where the result has the sign of b.floor(a) is the highest integer that is less than or equal to a.abs(a) is the absolute value of a it makes negative numbers nonnegative.π plus the inverse tangent of y/x, in radians, if y >= 0 and x 0 and x = 0, and.for X in Y.Z ] end is shorthand for X = Y while X 0,.Pseudocode may also use for loops, defined as follows: Pseudocode may use while loops, which are self-explanatory. It combines the bits of both integers so that each bit is set in the result if the corresponding bit is set on either or both sides of the operator. The | operator in the pseudocode is a bitwise OR operator between two integers.If each side is 0 or greater, it is the same as dividing the left-hand side by 2 n, where n is the right-hand side, and discarding the fractional part of the result. The > operator in the pseudocode is a bitwise right shift, with both sides of the operator being integers.A minus before a variable means 0 minus that variable.true and false are the two Boolean values.It corresponds to null in Java, C#, and JavaScript, nil in Ruby, and None in Python. nothing indicates the absence of a value.pi is the constant π, the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.In addition to the familiar +, -, * (multiplication), and / (division) operators, other symbols are defined below. This document explains the conventions and common functions used in some of my articles that use pseudocode.
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